KUALA LUMPUR – Palm oil will continue to be the powerhouse of the oils and fats market despite the conservation narratives focused on themes like tropical deforestation, as well as misleading anti-palm oil campaigns, the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) said.
It said palm oil made up about 31% of the world’s total 235.4 million-tonne oils and fats production in 2020, compared to 25% for soybean oil and 11% for rapeseed oil.
“From frying oils to shortenings in baking, palm oil is used in various products as it is the only vegetable oil that naturally semi-solid at room temperature with a balanced content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (about 1:1),” it said in a statement today.
The agency said palm kernel oil, which has a sharp melting profile, could be physically fractionated into palm kernel stearin which is widely used as confectionery fats.
“And because of its versatility and functionality, numerous research and efforts, with investments of millions… to imitate palm oil were carried out but none of the existing alternatives to palm oil is currently economically or environmentally viable at scale,” it said.
MPOB said three other vegetable oils – soybean, rapeseed and sunflower – are significantly higher in polyunsaturated fatty acids than palm oil and therefore stay in the liquid state at room temperature, which limits their functionality in foods.
It said these oils require modification to make them more solid and stable, when replacing palm oil in food products.
The modification procedure, known as hydrogenation, could generate trans fatty acids that have been shown to be harmful to human health.
“Hydrogenation of unsaturated vegetable oils could be useful for non-food application namely surfactants and cosmetics, where the different fatty acid profile is important to emulate the consistency and behaviour of palm oil used in those products.
“Even so, this is costly as other crops are more expensive and less productive than oil palm,” it said.
MPOB said researchers are analysing various methods to produce oil of similar qualities to palm oil.
It said currently, scientists are focusing on rearranging molecules of fats on glycerol’s backbone using enzymes to obtain fats with similar functionality as palm oil, with the hope to eventually replace palm oil in food products.
“Globally, palm oil covers 23.4 million ha of cultivation land, five times smaller than soybean cultivation area, but produces on average 3.24 tonnes per hectare annually.
“That equals to seven times more than soybean oil and four times more than rapeseed and sunflower oils,” it said.
MPOB said latest figures showed that about 55.6% of Malaysia’s 33 million ha land areas are under forest cover, exceeding the country’s initial pledge of 50% forest cover at the Rio Earth Summit 1992.
“Serious commitment and work towards achieving this include the development of ecosystem monitoring systems, replanting of trees, rehabilitation, ecosystem-based projects, nature-based solutions, ecosystem services, sustainable management of natural areas and resources, improvement of yield and productivity of commodity without expansion of land,” it added. – Bernama, January 22, 2021
