China braces for world’s largest annual migration as Lunar New Year approaches

LIU Zhiquan, a construction worker in Beijing, prepared for a 30-hour train journey to Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province more than 2,000 kilometres away, as part of China’s annual Lunar New Year migration, the largest seasonal movement of people in the world.

Known as “chunyun,” this mass exodus sees hundreds of millions of Chinese workers return to their hometowns to reunite with family during the Spring Festival, which begins this year on 17 February.

Liu opted for a slower, cheaper train over a high-speed alternative that would take only nine hours, citing the strain of rising costs amid a slowing economy.

“Things feel worse this year than last. The economy is bad and it’s getting harder to make money,” AP reported hin saying on Wednesday.

China’s National Development and Reform Commission estimates that a record 9.5 billion trips will be made over the 40-day travel period, with around 540 million by rail and 95 million by air.

The remainder of travellers will take to buses, cars and other road transport. For millions of migrant workers who endure long hours and limited annual leave, the Spring Festival is a rare opportunity to spend extended time with loved ones.

At Beijing’s crowded train stations, passengers jostled with large bags and suitcases while waiting for their departures. Many snacked on instant noodles, utilising the free hot water stations provided at major terminals.

For younger workers such as Tian Duofu, who recently began full-time employment in the capital, the holiday is a chance to reconnect with family.

“It has become more difficult for a big family to get together. After I started working, I realised such a long holiday is rare and we see each other less and less in person, which makes the Spring Festival significant,” she said.

Tian Yunxia, who runs a breakfast stall in Beijing but hails from Henan province, emphasised the importance of returning home to family.

“The new year is the festival of the year, and if we don’t go back home, we won’t be able to enjoy the festival atmosphere. I want to go home to see my children, my grandchildren and my husband,” she said.

Despite rising costs and long travel times, millions of Chinese are expected to make the journey, highlighting the enduring significance of the Lunar New Year as a period of family reunion and cultural celebration. - February 11, 2026