OVERRELIANCE on artificial intelligence (AI) in criminal investigations could compromise the integrity of evidence presented in court, according to the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC).
Berita Harian cited MACC’s Technology Forensics Division Director Wan Zulkifli Wan Jusoh, saying while AI significantly enhances digital forensic processes, its use must be supported by qualified experts to avoid misinterpretation and ethical risks.
“AI is very helpful in accelerating the detection of digital evidence because of its ability to sift through vast datasets and identify hidden links and anomalies that are difficult to detect manually,” he said.
He explained that AI can sharpen blurry images and videos through enhancement techniques and pattern recognition, making CCTV footage clearer and thereby strengthening evidentiary value in court.
“However, the use of AI also brings with it major challenges — technical, legal, and ethical. Complete dependence on AI without human expertise may lead to errors in interpreting evidence.”
He added concerns over training costs for officers and the current lack of a dedicated regulatory body to oversee the responsible use of AI in law enforcement.
Wan Zulkifli, who also chairs the National Digital Forensics Working Group, emphasised the importance of enforcing existing legislation to ensure ethical and transparent use of AI in investigations.
“In Malaysia, several existing laws serve as regulatory foundations, including the Personal Data Protection Act 2010, the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998, the Computer Crimes Act 1997 and the Digital Signature Act 1997, while international standards such as ISO/IEC 42001:2023 provide global guidance,” he said.
“AI is just a tool. Its effectiveness relies on human expertise, ethical integrity, and the legal framework we establish. If managed wisely, AI can strengthen justice and enhance national security.”
Wan Zulkifli acknowledged that AI has become a transformative force in digital forensic capability, automating analysis, filtering large datasets, and detecting criminal patterns more efficiently.
He added that intelligent algorithms now allow investigators to scan millions of data logs in minutes, vastly reducing investigation time and minimising human error.
“AI saves time, lowers the risk of mistakes, and allows officers to focus on strategic analysis,” he said.
“In cases of electronic banking intrusions, for example, AI can detect suspicious login attempts from abroad within just a few hours.” - September 21, 2025
